Math Curriculum - First Grade also available as a printable pdf CESAME site - TERC Literature Connection . 1. Number and Operations Essential Skills: 1. Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers and number systems 2. Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another 3. Compute fluently 4. Make reasonable estimates and relate them to solutions Important to Know: • Use ordinal numbers through 10th orally • Skip count forwards and backwards by twos through 20 and by fives and tens through 100 • Order and compare quantities through 100 with manipulatives • Develop place value concepts through a variety of manipulative grouping experiences (through 100) • Associate standard word names with 1-digit and 2-digit numerals through 100 using oral and written language experiences • Round to 10's place using concrete materials • Demonstrate the concepts of addition and subtraction from real life situations including joining, separating, and comparing sets of objects 0 through 20 • Use the following strategies for addition and subtraction of whole numbers: counting on, counting back, one more, one less, two more, two less, doubles, doubles plus or minus one; doubles plus or minus two • Describe the operations of addition and subtraction in words (oral or written) • Use conventional symbols (+, -, =) to represent the operations of addition and subtraction, both vertically and horizontally, up to 2-digit numbers without regrouping • Memorize addition sums through ten • Use oral vocabulary and manipulatives to communicate relative quantity for numbers up through 100; vocabulary includes "more than," "less than," and "equal to" • Orally identify fractional parts (1/2's and 1/4's) of whole objects or sets of objects • Estimate a number prior to counting and count objects by twos, fives, and tens . 2. Algebra Essential Skills: 1. Understand patterns, relations, and functions 2. Represent and analyze mathematical situations and structures using algebraic symbols 3. Use mathematical models to represent and understand quantitative relationships 4. Analyze change in various contexts 5. Use paper and pencil to demonstrate skills prior to using technology Important to Know: Using Concrete Materials • Represent, copy, and continue patterns • Sort objects by multiple attributes • Identify and extend missing elements of repeating patterns and sequences of numbers. • Create real life problems and translate them to number sentences • Calculate missing addend problems using concrete materials • Describe change of quality using er and est words • Describe change of quantity . 3. Geometry Essential Skills: 1. Analyze characteristics and properties of two and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships 2. Specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems 3. Apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations 4. Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems 5. Use paper and pencil to demonstrate skills prior to using technology Important to Know: • Recognize, name, build, compare, and sort: hexagon, trapezoid, triangle, square, cube, circle, sphere, and rectangle using concrete materials • Combine shapes to form a given shape using concrete materials • Use the words sides, points, and corner to describe rectangle, square, and triangles • Use concrete materials to identify common attributes of shapes taught • Demonstrate an understanding of over, under, near, far, between, curved, and straight • Find and name locations with simple relationships such as “near to” and in coordinate systems such as maps • Recognize known shapes in the environment . 4. Measurement Essential Skills: 1. Understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement 2. Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements 3. Use paper and pencil to demonstrate skills prior to using technology Important to Know: • Measure volume using nonstandard units and cups and pints • Measure weight using nonstandard units and grams • Measure length using nonstandard units and inches and feet • Tell time to nearest hour and half hour, using digital and analog clocks • State the number of days in a week and the number of months in a year • Recognize and state value of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters • Measure temperature to the nearest 10 degrees Fahrenheit . 5. Data Management and Probability Essential Skills: 1. Select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data 2. Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data 3. Understand and apply basic concepts of probability 4. Use paper and pencil to demonstrate skills prior to using technology Important to Know: • Sort and classify objects according to two attributes • Represent data using concrete objects, pictures, graphs, and Venn Diagrams • Use tallies • Create and interpret picture graphs • Use vocabulary “more likely” and “less likely” to describe the likelihood of events in their lives . 6. Problem Solving Essential Skills: 1. Work individually and as a member of a group in formulating and solving problems 2. Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving 3. Identify and solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts 4. Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies, including choosing appropriate computations, to solve problems 5. Monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving Important to Know: • Use the following strategies to formulate and solve problems: act it out make a physical model look for a pattern guess/check/revise . 7. Reasoning and Proof K-12 Essential Skills: 1. Recognize reasoning and proof as a fundamental aspect of mathematics 2. Make and investigate mathematical conjectures 3. Develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs 4. Select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof . 8. Communication Essential Skills: 1. Organize and consolidate mathematical thinking through communication 2. Communicate mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others 3. Analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others 4. Use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely Important to Know: Oral • Explain fluently what method was used to get an answer • Validate the solution to a problem ("convince me") Written • Record observations and investigations using pictures, numbers, and appropriate grade level terms • Make weekly entries in a math journal using math concepts Visual • Use concrete materials to model mathematical ideas Kinesthetic • Use body language to act out mathematical ideas . 9. Connections K-12 Essential Skills: 1. Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas 2. Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole 3. Recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics . 10. Representation K-12 Essential Skills: 1. Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas 2. Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems 3. Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomenon
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