Math Curriculum - Kindergarten also available as a printable PDF CESAME site - TERC Literature Connection . 1. Number and Operations Essential Skills: 1. Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers and number systems 2. Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another 3. Compute fluently 4. Make reasonable estimates and relate them to solutions Important to Know: • Write with accuracy (0-10) • Using concrete materials, count forward by rote through 20 and backwards from 10 through 0 • Using concrete materials, relate quantities to numerals 0 through 10 • Using concrete materials, separate, join, and order sets of objects 0 through 10 • Using concrete materials, compare number of objects in two or more sets through 10 . 2. Algebra Essential Skills: 1. Understand patterns, relations, and functions 2. Represent and analyze mathematical situations and structures using algebraic symbols 3. Use mathematical models to represent and understand quantitative relationships 4. Analyze change in various contexts 5. Use paper and pencil to demonstrate skills prior to using technology Important to Know: Using Concrete Materials • Represent a pattern using objects, drawings, rhythms, and body movements. • Verbally describe a pattern • Copy a given pattern • Continue a pattern • Recognize a pattern in the environment • Sort objects using the attributes: size, color, shape, or weight • Translate from one pattern representation to another . 3. Geometry Essential Skills: 1. Analyze characteristics and properties of two and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships. 2. Specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems 3. Apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations 4. Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems 5. Use paper and pencil to demonstrate skills prior to using technology Important to Know: • Recognize, name, build, compare, and sort triangles, squares, rectangles, and circles • Demonstrate an understanding of side, corner, bottom, top, inside, outside, above, and below • Recognize known shapes in the environment. r . 4. Measurement Essential Skills: 1. Understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement 2. Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements 3. Use paper and pencil to demonstrate skills prior to using technology Important to Know: • Demonstrate an understanding of the attributes: tall, short, big, small, heavy, light, hot, cold, empty, and full • Compare and order objects according to attributes listed above • Understand how to measure using nonstandard units • Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts: yesterday, today, tomorrow • Using concrete examples, demonstrate an understanding of the four seasons • Using concrete materials, sequence events according to elapsed time • Measure length with multiple copies of units of the same size laid end to end r 5. Data Management and Probability Essential Skills: 1. Select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data 2. Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data 3. Understand and apply basic concepts of probability 4. Use paper and pencil to demonstrate skills prior to using technology Important to Know: • Use concrete materials to collect, organize, and describe data about themselves and their surroundings • Represent data using concrete objects, pictures, and graphs • Given a graph, answer orally “How many…?” • Given concrete materials in a pattern, make a reasonable prediction r 6. Problem Solving Essential Skills: 1. Work individually and as a member of a group in formulating and solving problems 2. Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving 3. Identify and solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts 4. Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies, including choosing appropriate computations, to solve problems 5. Monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving Important to Know: • Use the following strategies to formulate and solve problems: act it out make a physical model look for a pattern guess/check/revise r 7. Reasoning and Proof K-12 Essential Skills: 1. Recognize reasoning and proof as a fundamental aspect of mathematics 2. Make and investigate mathematical conjectures 3. Develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs 4. Select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof r 8. Communication Essential Skills: 1. Organize and consolidate mathematical thinking through communication 2. Communicate mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others 3. Analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others 4. Use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely Important to Know: Oral • Explain fluently what method was used to get an answer • Validate the solution to a problem ("convince me") Written • Record observations and investigations using pictures, numbers, and appropriate grade level terms • Make weekly entries in a math journal using math concepts Visual • Use concrete materials to model mathematical ideas Kinesthetic • Use body language to act out mathematical ideas r 9. Connections K-12 Essential Skills: 1. Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas 2. Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole 3. Recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics r 10. Representation K-12 Essential Skills: 1. Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas 2. Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems 3. Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena
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